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HYDROGEN ENERGY RESEARCH
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Hydrogen Energy Research
Published 2025-04-25

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Hydrogen Policy, Safety & Standards (21)


H2: Brunei P.1. 10 Apr 2025, MDPI, Comprehensive Study on Hydrogen Production for Sustainable Transportation Planning: Strategic, Techno-Economic, and Environmental Impacts, "This study utilizes the Shlaer–Mellor method, an Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) approach, to model hydrogen production policies across different countries."
H2: Brunei P.2. 30 Mar 2025, MDPI, A Techno-Economic Assessment of Steam Methane Reforming and Alkaline Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production, "Here we evaluates two hydrogen production technologies; steam methane reforming and alkaline water electrolysis, through a techno-economic framework that assesses life cycle cost, efficiency, scalability, and environmental impact. SMR, the most widely used technique, is cost-effective but carbon-intensive, producing considerable carbon dioxide emissions unless combined with carbon capture to yield blue hydrogen".
H2: Smart, circular, renewable P.3. 29 Mar 2025, ScienceDirect, Smart, circular and renewable: The role of cooperative governance in accelerating a sustainable energy transition, "Here our findings suggest that cooperative governance can mitigate market failures involved, such as split incentives and asymmetric information, resolving missing markets and facilitating the integration of circular economy strategies in smart grids."
H2 HE Phase field fracture P.4. 15 Mar 2025, ScienceDirect, A COMSOL framework for predicting hydrogen embrittlement - Part II: Phase field fracture, "Here we present a phase field model for hydrogen-assisted fracture that combines advanced hydrogen uptake and transport modelling, as discussed below and in Part I, with a generalised description of fracture that includes both elastic and plastic contributions and can handle brittle and ductile fractures."
H2 HRS environment P.5. 14 Mar 2025, MDPI, Relationship Between Area and Capacity of Hydrogen Refueling Stations and Derivation of Design Recommendations, "This study investigates the characteristics of hydrogen refueling stations to optimize their spatial design and provide key performance indicators for spatial efficiency. An overview of HRS components and their operational requirements is provided, alongside the classification of stations into distinct categories."
H2 HRS Safety P.6. 04 Mar 2025, ScienceDirect, A methodology for quantitative risk assessment of a high-capacity hydrogen fueling station with liquid hydrogen storage, "This paper presents a Quantitative Risk Assessment methodology for high-capacity (dispensing >1000 kg/day) hydrogen fueling stations with liquid hydrogen storage, and presents the application of that methodology by presenting a Failure Mode and Effect Analysis and data curation for the design developed for this study."
H2 Safety P.7. 28 Jan 2025, ScienceDirect, A comprehensive review on flash point behavior of binary ignitable mixtures: Trends, influencing factors, safety and fuel design implications, and future directions, "This information can be valuable in fuel design for specific purposes and improve combustion, thanks to a comprehensive knowledge regarding the FP tendencies of each binary category and the potential for extreme FP behaviors."
H2 Safety P.8. 24 Jan 2025, ScienceDirect, Improving low-order modelling of cryogenic hydrogen releases, "This study introduces an improved approach for low-order modelling of cryogenic hydrogen release scenarios. The improved approach explicitly assumes a Gaussian profile for temperature in the self-similar region of the jet, consistent with existing experimental and numerical observations."
H2 dispatch of integrated energy system P.9. 24 Jan 2025, Frontiers, Low-carbon economic dispatch of integrated energy system with carbon capture power plant and multiple utilization of hydrogen energy, "This paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch method for IES that considers the coupling of power-to-gas-carbon capture power plants, the mutual recognition mechanism of carbon-green certificates, and flexible loads of electricity and heat."
H2 Store Safety P.10. 21 Jan 2025, ScienceDirect, Advances in hydrogen storage technologies, "This paper summarises research on the development and validation of the breakthrough microleaks-no-burst (μLNB) safety technology of explosion-free in any fire self-venting Type IV tanks that do not require a thermally-activate pressure relief device."
H2 Safety P.11. 09 Jan 2025, ScienceDirect, Keep it local and safe: Which system of green hydrogen production in Germany is accepted by citizens?, "Our study aims to identify significant factors influencing the German population's acceptance of green hydrogen production within various acceptance groups with differing preferences for future green hydrogen production systems. We conducted an online survey (n=1,203) in Germany in 2022/2023, incorporating a choice experiment."
H2 Safety P.12. 16 Dec 2024, ScienceDirect, Recent advances in combustion science related to hydrogen safety, "This review covers laboratory, medium and large-scale experiments, as well as theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results. While highlights are provided at the end of each section, the paper closes with some concluding remarks highlighting the achievements and key knowledge gaps."
AU Future Gas Strategy P.13. 25 Jun 2024, Australian Federal Government, Future Gas Strategy, "Two of six principles include: Australia is, and will remain, a reliable trading partner for energy, including Liquefied Natural Gas and low emission gases. Gas must remain affordable for Australian users throughout the transition to net zero." Australia's Future Gas Strategy submission comparison: Ernst & Young vs. GreenPeace Australia
H2 Safety H2 P.14. 08 Jun 2024, MDPI, Artificial Intelligence-Driven Innovations in Hydrogen Safety, "Here, a comprehensive exploration of recent advancements in hydrogen safety, particularly the application of AI methodologies in evaluating potential safety scenarios, and the design of safety measures is considered. Against this backdrop, the integration of AI methodologies emerges as a transformative paradigm in augmenting H2 safety measures."
H2 Standards Australia P.15. 13 May 2024, Standards Australia, AU Hydrogen Standards, ME-093 Hydrogen Technologies Strategic Work Plan (PDF) summarises the work of Standards Australia’s ME-093, H2 Technologies committee & highlights its future activities."
Sandia National Laboratories P.16. 07 May 2024, Sandia National Laboratories, US Hydrogen Safety, Codes, and Standards, Sandia’s H2 safety, codes, and standards research program develops the technical data and scientific understanding necessary to offer science-based improvements to the codes & standards that define the safe use of H2. These codes and standards are critical for the broader use and deployment of H2."
CSIRO HyStandards H2 P.17. 01 Feb 2024, HyStandards has been developed by Standards Australia + CSIRO to provide industry, government & community a means of identifying relevant H2 standards through a visual representation of H2 facility scenarios:
🔴 Electrolyser hydrogen production
🔴 Gaseous hydrogen transport by road
🔴 Hydrogen transport by pipeline
🔴 Blended hydrogen transport by pipeline
🔴 Hydrogen refuelling
MDPI Safety Assessment H2 Jet Fire P.18. 12 Jan 2023, MDPI, Safety Assessment of H2 Jet Fire Scenarios within Semi-Confined Spaces, "This study applied computational fluid dynamics simulations in conjunction with probabilistic calculation methods to determine the associated thermal risk of a H2 jet fire in a tunnel & its dependency on scenarios with different tunnel slopes, longitudinal & transverse ventilation velocities, & fire positions."
H2 Safety Policy P.19. 10 Jul 2020, Australian Hydrogen Council, AU Hydrogen: Policy & Regulation,
"Standards cover:
Safety aspects of H2 generators;
Performance of stationary H2 generators for residential, commercial & industrial applications;
Quality of hydrogen fuel for vehicular & stationary applications;
Construction, safety & performance of systems to produce H2 by the electrolysis of H20;
Design & safety features of systems to purify H2 to meet quality standards;
Design, construction & testing of portable H2 containers;
Design, manufacture & testing of tanks for H2-powered vehicles;
Safety & testing of high pressure valves used in refuelling stations for H2 powered vehicles."
ISO Standards H2 P.20. Technical Committees ISO/TC 197 Hydrogen technologies
ISO Standards H2 P.21. Standards by ISO/TC 197 Hydrogen technologies

HYDROGEN & HEURISTICS

ATOMIC / MOLAR MASS
Atomic Mass (mole): Hydrogen 1.00784 u; Carbon 12.011 u; Oxygen 15.999 u
Molar Mass: Dihydrogen 2.01568 g/mole; Carbon 12.011 g/mole; Oxygen 31.998 g/mole

HYDROGEN HEURISTICS
1000g H2(g) + 7937g O2(g) ↔ 8937g H2O(l) + 33.33kWh Energy (LHV)
3kg H2(g) + 24kg O2(g) ↔ 27kg H2O(l) + 100kWh Energy (LHV)
Light duty FCEV GH2 tank: 4-6kg H2(g)
Light duty FCEV: 1kg H2(g) / 100km
Basic filling flow rate: 1-2kg H2(g) / min
Fast filling flow rate: 14-21kg H2(g) / min
Cryogenic volumetric mass density: 70kg H2(l) / m3

HYDROGEN SHOT USA: 1kg H2 / 1USD by 2031

STOICHIOMETRY - DIHYDROGEN / ALKANES
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER): 2H2O(l) ↔ 2H2(g) + O2(g) E0 = -1.229V
Gravimetric Energy Density HHV
H2 Phase Diagram
EU Copernicus
Acknowledgment of Country

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Harvard Reference Citation:
otso.com.au. (2025). Hydrogen Energy Research. [online] Available at: https://otso.com.au/ [Accessed 2025-04-25].