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HYDROGEN ENERGY RESEARCH
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Hydrogen Energy Research
Published 2025-03-12

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Hydrogen Energy Research
Scientific & Applied Engineering References

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Hydrogen System Components T&E (17)


H2 pump system S.01. 06 Mar 2025, MDPI, Electrochemical Hydrogen Pump/Compressor in Single- and Double-Stage Regime, "Here we developed electrochemical hydrogen pumps/compressors using commercially available GDEs and MEAs with the Nafion 117 polymer electrolyte membrane and tested their performance in both single-cell and short-stack double-stage compression regimes."
H2 sensor system S.02. 04 Mar 2025, ACS, DRole of Technology Flexibility and Grid Coupling on Hydrogen Deployment in Net-Zero Energy Systems, "Here we employ a multisector energy system model of the contiguous United States to study competition among low-carbon hydrogen production options and the interplay between the electricity and hydrogen sectors in a net-zero energy system."
H2 sensor system S.03. 19 Feb 2025, ScienceDirect, Development of a rapid responsive conductive electrochemical sensor for sensitive hydrogen detection: Chitosan-based GO/Fe3O4/PANi hydrogel nanocomposite, "We present the synthesis of a chitosan-based GO/Fe3O4 hydrogel using free radical polymerization, followed by the in situ oxidative polymerization of polyaniline in its emeraldine form within the monomer backbone, resulting in the chitosan-based GO/Fe3O4/PANi hydrogel nanocomposite."
H2 10KW system S.04. 12 Feb 2025, ScienceDirect, Experimental investigation of a 10 kW photovoltaic power system and lithium battery energy storage system for off-grid electro-hydrogen coupling, "The system described in this paper is an experimental investigation, which only verifies the correctness of the off-grid coupling system path, and a lot of engineering research work needs to be done for industrial amplification and large-scale hydrogen production."
H2 Pipeline Steels S.05. 24 Jan 2025, ScienceDirect, Multi-stage monitoring of hydrogen systems for improved maintenance approaches: an extensive review, "This study aims at establishing a hydrogen monitoring scheme and it provides a descriptive, bibliometric, and interpretative review of the current state-of-the-art of suitable techniques to ensure the safe handling of hydrogen systems."
H2 Integrated Plant Design S.06. 23 Jan 2025, MDPI, Integrated Plant Design for Green Hydrogen Production and Power Generation in Photovoltaic Systems: Balancing Electrolyzer Sizing and Storage, "Key findings reveal that downsizing electrolyzers, such as using a 1 MW unit instead of a 2 MW model, increases operational efficiency by extending nominal power usage, though it reduces total hydrogen output by approximately 50%."
H2 Pipeline Steels S.07. 09 Jan 2025, ScienceDirect, A review of influence of hydrogen on fracture toughness and mechanical properties of gas transmission pipeline steels, "This paper reviews (i) the influence of hydrogen on the fracture toughness of pipeline steels and (ii) the phenomena that occurs during fracture toughness tests of pipeline steel in air and hydrogen. Also reviewed are (i) the influence of hydrogen on tensile properties, and (ii) the diffusion and solubility of hydrogen in pipeline steels under conditions relevant to hydrogen transport in gas transmission pipelines."
H2 PEMFC Solar Base Station Kuwait S.08. 31 Dec 2024, ScienceDirect, Hybrid solar PV/hydrogen fuel cell-based cellular base-stations in Kuwait, "An off-grid hybrid PV/HFC-based electric system is designed to energize an urban 4G/5G cellular BS in Kuwait to reduce CO2 emissions, and lower long-term capital and maintenance costs. HOMER software is used to design, simulate, and optimize various electric system configurations comprising PV panels, HFCs, diesel generators and a battery bank to minimize the NPC and COE."
H2 ARENA Test Evaluation S.09. 17 Dec 2024, MDPI, Green Hydrogen Blending into the Tunisian Natural Gas Distributing System, "We aims to determine the optimal blending ratio of green H2 into NG in Tunisia, through the application of and the comparison between various interchangeability methods. Our investigative efforts are underpinned by a meticulous analysis of the existing natural gas compositions distributed throughout Tunisia."
H2 ARENA Test Evaluation S.10. 02 Dec 2024, ScienceDirect, Integration of hydrogen compressors and turbines into current and future hydrogen infrastructure, "This paper aims to contribute to increasing knowledge of hydrogen energy systems and the help that is continuously needed so that hydrogen can be correctly and safely used as the primary cornerstone for energy in the future."
H2 ARENA Test Evaluation S.11. 22 Jun 2024, ARENA-Horizon, Denham Hydrogen Demonstration Project Construction and Commissioning Report, "The development of a custom control program for the autonomous control of the plant’s sub‐systems and its integration with the power station control system, demanded significant effort and skilled resources. A control system with high level of maturity was a critical achievement for the success of commissioning and safety operation."
H2 NREL Test Evaluation S.12. 08 May 2024, NREL HyCReD, Hydrogen Component Reliability Database (HyCReD), "HyCReD is a collaborative project between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the University of Maryland, and hydrogen stakeholders to improve safety reliability for hydrogen facilities by integrating risk reduction methodologies and component reliability data taxonomies that support hydrogen infrastructure failure rate analysis."
H2 NREL Test Evaluation S.13. 20 Mar 2024, TOPSOE, TOPSOE REACHES NEW MILESTONE: SOEC DEMO REVEALS STRONG RESULTS, "In creating technologies that will contribute to and shape the future of the energy transition, Topsoe acknowledges it as a shared responsibility to enable transparency and share learnings whenever possible. To those within the industry, Topsoe hopes this inspires, pushes, and heightens the shared results all strive to meet."
H2 Rosen Group Test Evaluation S.14. 05 Feb 2024, Rosen Group, Hydrogen – Competence for a sustainable future, "We support pipeline operators in the process of converting their existing gas grids to hydrogen. This requires informed decisions for this mission. Our many years of experience in all aspects of performance, safety, and security of pipelines ensure that we know what needs to be done for your success in a hydrogen economy."
H2 NREL Test Evaluation S.15. 28 Jan 2022, NREL, Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology Validation, "NREL technology validation team validates H2 fuel cell electric vehicles; H2 fueling infras; H2 system components; & fuel cell use in early market applications eg.material handling, backup power & prime-power applications. The team also analyzes current status of state-of-the-art laboratory fuel cell technologies, with a focus on performance & durability."
H2 HYSAFE Test Evaluation S.16. 15 Jul 2021, HYSAFE,H2 COMPONENT LEAK RATE QUANTIFICATION FOR SYSTEM RISK & RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT THROUGH QRA & PHM FRAMEWORKS, "NREL deployed a test fixture the Leak Rate Quantification Apparatus to quantify mass flow rate of leaking gases from medium & high-pressure components that failed in service. Quantitative H2 leak rate data from system could be used to inform risk assessment & Regulation Codes & Standards."
H2 Stanford Test Evaluation S.17. 01 Apr 2013, University of Stanford,Hydrogen Component Validation, "Projects in the Technology Validation sub-program are both “learning demonstrations” to help guide and manage the hydrogen and fuel cell component and materials research and development activities, and a validation of the technology under real-world operating conditions against durability and performance targets."


ATOMIC / MOLAR MASS
Atomic Mass (mole): Hydrogen 1.00784 u; Carbon 12.011 u; Oxygen 15.999 u
Molar Mass: Dihydrogen 2.01568 g/mole; Carbon 12.011 g/mole; Oxygen 31.998 g/mole

HYDROGEN HEURISTICS
1000g H2(g) + 7937g O2(g) ↔ 8937g H2O(l) + 33.33kWh Energy (LHV)
3kg H2(g) + 24kg O2(g) ↔ 27kg H2O(l) + 100kWh Energy (LHV)
Light duty FCEV GH2 tank: 4-6kg H2(g)
Light duty FCEV: 1kg H2(g) / 100km
Basic filling flow rate: 1-2kg H2(g) / min
Fast filling flow rate: 14-21kg H2(g) / min
Cryogenic volumetric mass density: 70kg H2(l) / m3

HYDROGEN SHOT USA: 1kg H2 / 1USD by 2031

STOICHIOMETRY - DIHYDROGEN / ALKANES
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER): 2H2O(l) ↔ 2H2(g) + O2(g) E0 = -1.229V
Gravimetric Energy Density HHV
H2 Phase Diagram
EU Copernicus
Acknowledgment of Country

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Harvard Reference Citation:
otso.com.au. (2025). Hydrogen Energy Research. [online] Available at: https://otso.com.au/ [Accessed 2025-03-12].